Bronze Age - Wikipedia. Diffusion of metallurgy in Europe and Asia Minor- the darkest areas are the oldest. Bronze Age↑ Chalcolithic. Near East (c. 3. 30. ![]() BC)Anatolia, Caucasus, Elam, Egypt, Levant, Mesopotamia, Sistan, Canaan. Late Bronze Age collapse. South Asia (c. 3. Square Enix gave a pretty nifty thank-you gift to the developers of A King’s Tale: Final Fantasy XV—a replica Super Nintendo cartridge with the game’s art and logo. Immerse yourself in the award-winning strategy experience. Microsoft Studios brings you three epic Age of Empires III games in one monumental collection for the first.
Age Of Empires Crack 2016 HeadBC)Bronze Age South Asia. Ochre Coloured Pottery. Cemetery HEurope (c. BC)Aegean, Caucasus, Catacomb culture, Minoan, Srubna culture, Beaker culture, Unetice culture, Tumulus culture, Urnfield culture, Hallstatt culture, Apennine culture, Canegrate culture, Golasecca culture,Atlantic Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Nordic Bronze Age. ![]() China (c. 2. 00. 0–7. BC)Erlitou, Erligang↓Iron Age. The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, proto- writing, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three- age Stone- Bronze- Iron system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies. An ancient civilization is defined to be in the Bronze Age either by producing bronze by smelting its own copper and alloying with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or by trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere. Bronze itself is harder and more durable than other metals available at the time, allowing Bronze Age civilizations to gain a technological advantage. Copper- tin ores are rare, as reflected in the fact that there were no tin bronzes in Western Asia before trading in bronze began in the 3rd millennium BC. Worldwide, the Bronze Age generally followed the Neolithic period, with the Chalcolithic serving as a transition. Although the Iron Age generally followed the Bronze Age, in some areas (such as Sub- Saharan Africa), the Iron Age intruded directly on the Neolithic.[1]Bronze Age cultures differed in their development of the first writing. According to archaeological evidence, cultures in Mesopotamia (cuneiform script) and Egypt (hieroglyphs) developed the earliest viable writing systems. History[edit]The overall period is characterized by widespread use of bronze, though the place and time of the introduction and development of bronze technology were not universally synchronous.[2] Human- made tin bronze technology requires set production techniques. Tin must be mined (mainly as the tin ore cassiterite) and smelted separately, then added to molten copper to make bronze alloy. The Bronze Age was a time of extensive use of metals and of developing trade networks (See Tin sources and trade in ancient times). A 2. 01. 3 report suggests that the earliest tin- alloy bronze dates to the mid- 5th millennium BC in a Vinča culture site in Pločnik (Serbia), although the civilization is not conventionally considered part of the Bronze Age.[3] The dating of the foil has been disputed.[4][5] The tin bronze foil are not the only evidence from the fifth millennium BC. Balkans has been proved that they also were from smelting copper- tin ores. ![]() Near East[edit]The Near East was the first region to enter the Bronze Age, which began with the rise of the Mesopotamian civilization of Sumer in the mid 4th millennium BC. Cultures in the ancient Near East (often called one of "the cradles of civilization") practiced intensive year- round agriculture, developed a writing system, invented the potter's wheel, created a centralized government, written law codes, city and nation states, empires, embarked on advanced architectural projects, introduced social stratification, economic and civil administration, slavery, and practiced organized warfare, medicine and religion. Societies in the region laid the foundations for astronomy, mathematics and astrology. Near East timeline[edit]Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details. Age sub- divisions[edit]The Ancient Near East Bronze Age can be divided as follows: Near East Bronze Age Divisions. The archetypal Bronze Age divisions of the Near East have a well- established triadic clearness of expression. The period dates and phases below are solely applicable to the Near East and thus not applicable universally.[6][7][8]Early Bronze Age (EBA)3. BC3. 30. 0–3. 00. EBA I3. 00. 0–2. 70. EBA II2. 70. 0–2. EBA III2. 20. 0–2. EBA IVMiddle Bronze Age (MBA)Also, Intermediate Bronze Age (IBA)2. BC2. 10. 0–2. 00. MBA I2. 00. 0–1. 75. MBA II A1. 75. 0–1. MBA II B1. 65. 0–1. MBA II CLate Bronze Age (LBA)1. BC1. 55. 0–1. 40. LBA I1. 40. 0–1. 30. LBA II A1. 30. 0–1. LBA II B (Bronze Age collapse)Mesopotamia[edit]In Mesopotamia, the Mesopotamian Bronze Age began about 3. BC and ended with the Kassite period (c. 1. BC – c. 1. 15. 5 BC). The usual tripartite division into an Early, Middle and Late Bronze Age is not used. Instead, a division primarily based on art- historical and historical characteristics is more common. The cities of the Ancient Near East housed several tens of thousands of people. Ur, Kish, Isin, Larsa and Nippur in the Middle Bronze Age and Babylon, Calah and Assur in the Late Bronze Age similarly had large populations. The Akkadian Empire (2. BC) became the dominant power in the region, and after its fall the Sumerians enjoyed a renaissance with the Neo- Sumerian Empire. Assyria was extant from as early as the 2. BC, and became a regional power with the Old Assyrian Empire (c. 2. BC). The earliest mention of Babylon (then a small administrative town) appears on a tablet from the reign of Sargon of Akkad in the 2. BC. The Amorite dynasty established the city- state of Babylon in the 1. BC. Over 1. 00 years later, it briefly took over the other city- states and formed the short lived First Babylonian Empire during what is also called the Old Babylonian Period. Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia all used the written East Semitic. Akkadian language for official use and as a spoken language. By that time, the Sumerian language was no longer spoken, but was still in religious use in Assyria and Babylonia, and would remain so until the 1st century AD. The Akkadian and Sumerian traditions played a major role in later Assyrian and Babylonian culture, even though Babylonia (unlike the more militarily powerful Assyria) itself was founded by non- native Amorites and often ruled by other non- indigenous peoples, such as Kassites, Arameans and Chaldeans, as well as its Assyrian neighbours. Iranian Plateau[edit]Persian Bronze Age. Late 3rd Millennium BC silver cup from Marvdasht, Fars, with linear- Elamite inscription. Elam was a pre- Iranic ancient civilization located to the east of Mesopotamia. In the Old Elamite period (Middle Bronze Age), Elam consisted of kingdoms on the Iranian Plateau, centered in Anshan, and from the mid- 2nd millennium BC, it was centered in Susa in the Khuzestan lowlands. Its culture played a crucial role in the Gutian Empire and especially during the Iranic. Achaemenid dynasty that succeeded it. The Oxus civilization[9] was a Bronze Age Central Asian culture dated to c. 2. BC and centered on the upper Amu Darya (Oxus). In the Early Bronze Age the culture of the Kopet Dag oases and Altyndepe developed a proto- urban society. This corresponds to level IV at Namazga- Tepe. Altyndepe was a major centre even then. Pottery was wheel- turned. Grapes were grown. The height of this urban development was reached in the Middle Bronze Age c. 2. BC, corresponding to level V at Namazga- Depe.[1. This Bronze Age culture is called the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC). The Kulli culture,[1. Indus Valley Civilisation, was located in southern Balochistan (Gedrosia) c. 2. BC. Agriculture was the economical base of this people. At several places dams were found, providing evidence for a highly developed water management system. Konar Sandal is associated with the hypothesized "Jiroft culture", a 3rd- millennium- BC culture postulated on the basis of a collection of artifacts confiscated in 2. Anatolia[edit]The Hittite Empire was established in Hattusa in northern Anatolia from the 1. BC. In the 1. 4th century BC, the Hittite Kingdom was at its height, encompassing central Anatolia, southwestern Syria as far as Ugarit, and upper Mesopotamia. After 1. 18. 0 BC, amid general turmoil in the Levant conjectured to have been associated with the sudden arrival of the Sea Peoples,[1. Neo- Hittite" city- states, some of which survived until as late as the 8th century BC. Arzawa in Western Anatolia during the second half of the second millennium BC likely extended along southern Anatolia in a belt that reaches from near the Turkish Lakes Region to the Aegean coast.
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