Memphis, Tennessee - Wikipedia. Memphis, Tennessee. City. City of Memphis. Nickname(s): The Bluff City,[citation needed] The River City,[citation needed]Blues City,[citation needed] Birthplace of Rock and Roll,[citation needed]Location of Memphis in Shelby County, Tennessee. Location in the United States. Coordinates: 3. 5°0. N8. 9°5. 8′1. 6″W / 3. Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the fourth Chickasaw Bluff. School Uniforms - Should Students Have to Wear School Uniforms? Standardized Tests - Is the Use of Standardized Tests Improving Education in America? N 8. 9. 9. 71. 11°W / 3. Country. United States. State. Tennessee. County. Shelby. Founded. May 2. 2, 1. 81. 9Incorporated. December 1. 9, 1. Named for. Memphis, Egypt. Government • Mayor. With Arizona’s execution of convicted murderer Joseph Rudolph Wood III on July 23, 2014, the question of the morality of the death penalty has again come to the fore. NZD (New Zealand Dollar) - Latest News, Analysis and Forex. https://www.dailyfx.com/nzd Latest NZD market news, analysis and New Zealand Dollar trading forecast. Jim Strickland (D)Area • City. Land. 31. 5. 1 sq mi (8. Water. 9. 0 sq mi (2. Elevation. 33. 7 ft (1. Population (2. 01. City. 64. 6,8. 89 • Estimate (2. Rank. US: 2. 5th • Density. Urban. 1,0. 60,0. US: 4. 1st) • Metro. US: 4. 1st) • Demonym. ![]() Memphian. Time zone. CST (UTC−6) • Summer (DST)CDT (UTC−5)ZIP Codes. Area code. 90. 1FIPS code. Interstates. Interstate Spurs. U. S. Routes. Major State Routes. Waterways. Mississippi River, Wolf River. Public transit. MATAWebsite. City of Memphis. Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U. ![]() S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the fourth Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf and Mississippi rivers. Memphis had a population of 6. Tennessee after Nashville. The greater Memphis metropolitan area, including adjacent counties in Mississippi and Arkansas, had a 2. This makes Memphis the second- largest metropolitan area in Tennessee, surpassed by metropolitan Nashville. Memphis is the youngest of Tennessee's major cities, founded in 1. Americans including judge John Overton and future president Andrew Jackson.[7] A resident of Memphis is referred to as a Memphian, and the Memphis region is known, particularly to media outlets, as Memphis and the Mid- South. History[edit]Early history[edit]Occupying a substantial bluff rising from the Mississippi River, the site of Memphis has been a natural location for human settlement by varying cultures over thousands of years.[8] The area was known to be settled in the first millennium AD. Mississippian Culture, who had a network of communities throughout the Mississippi River Valley and its tributaries and built earthwork ceremonial and burial mounds.[9] The historic Chickasaw. Indian tribe, believed to be their descendants, later occupied the site.[1. French explorers led by René- Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle[1. Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto[1. Chickasaw tribe in that area, in the 1. J. D. L. Holmes, writing in Hudson's Four Centuries of Southern Indians, notes that there was a third strategic point in the late 1. European powers could control American encroachment and their interference with Indian matters—after Fort Nogales (present day Vicksburg) and Fort Confederación (present day Epes, Alabama): ".. Chickasaw Bluffs, located on the Mississippi River at the present day location of Memphis. Spain and the United States vied for control of this site, which was a favorite of the Chickasaws."[1. In 1. 79. 5 the Spanish Governor- General of Louisiana, de Carondelet sent his Lieutenant Governor, Manuel Gayoso de Lemos, to negotiate and secure consent from local Chickasaw inhabitants so that a Spanish fort could be erected; Fort San Fernando de las Barrancas was the result.[1. Holmes goes on to note that the consent was reached despite opposition from "disappointed Americans and a pro- American faction of the Chickasaws", when the "pro- Spanish faction signed the Chickasaw Bluffs Cession and Spain provided the Chickasaws with a trading post…".[1. Fort San Fernando de las Barrancas remained a focal point of Spanish activity until, as Holmes summarizes: [T]he Treaty of San Lorenzo or Pinckney's Treaty of 1. March 1. 79. 7], [had as its result that] all of the careful, diplomatic work by Spanish officials in Louisiana and West Florida, which has succeeded for a decade in controlling the Indians [e. Choctaws], was undone. The United States gained the right to navigate the Mississippi River and won control over the Yazoo Strip north of the thirty- first parallel.[1. The Spanish dismantled the fort, shipping its lumber and iron to their locations in Arkansas.[1. In 1. 79. 6, the site became the westernmost point of the newly admitted state of Tennessee, located in the Southwest United States but the area was largely occupied and controlled by the Chickasaw nation. Captain Isaac Guion led an American force down the Ohio River to claim the land, arriving on July 2. By this time, the Spanish had departed.[1. The fort's ruins went unnoticed twenty years later when Memphis was laid out as a city, after the United States government paid the Chickasaw for land.[1. The city of Memphis was founded on May 2. December 1. 9, 1. John Overton, James Winchester and Andrew Jackson.[1. They named it after the ancient capital of Egypt on the Nile River.[2. The White Chamber 2006 Pcusa General AssemblyMemphis developed as a trade and transportation center in the 1. Mississippi River. Located in the low- lying delta region along the river, its outlying areas were developed as cotton plantations, and the city became a major cotton market and brokerage center. The cotton economy of the antebellum South depended on the forced labor of large numbers of African- American slaves, and Memphis also developed as a major slave market for the domestic slave trade. Through the early 1. Upper South, in a huge forced migration to newly developed plantation areas. Many were transported by steamboats along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. In 1. 85. 7, the Memphis and Charleston Railroad was completed, connecting the Atlantic Coast of South Carolina and this major Mississippi River port; it was the only east- west railroad constructed across the southern states prior to the Civil War. This gave planters and cotton brokers access to the Atlantic Coast for shipping cotton to England, a major market. The city's demographics changed dramatically in the 1. Due to increased immigration since the 1. Great Famine, ethnic Irish made up 9. They had encountered considerable discrimination in the city but by 1. Irish constituted most of the police force. They also gained many elected and patronage positions in the Democratic Party city government, and an Irish man was elected as mayor before the Civil War. At that time, representatives were elected to the city council from 3. The elite were worried about corruption in this system and that so many saloonkeepers were active in the wards. German immigrants also made this city a destination following the 1. Irish and Germans were mostly Catholic, adding another element to demographic change in this formerly Protestant city. Tennessee seceded from the Union in June 1. Memphis briefly became a Confederate stronghold. Unionironclad gunboats captured the city in the naval Battle of Memphis on June 6, 1. Union Army for the duration of the war. The Union Army commanders allowed the city to maintain its civil government during most of this period but excluded Confederate veterans from office, which shifted political dynamics in the city as the war went on.[2. As Memphis was used as a Union supply base, associated with nearby Fort Pickering, it continued to prosper economically throughout the war. Meanwhile, Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest harassed Union forces in the area. The war years contributed to additional dramatic changes in city population. The presence of the Union Army attracted many fugitive slaves who escaped from surrounding rural plantations. So many sought protection behind Union lines that the Army set up contraband camps to accommodate them. The black population of Memphis increased from 3,0. The white population was also increasing, but not to the same degree. The total population in 1. See census table in Demographics section.)Postwar years, Reconstruction and Democratic control[edit]The rapid demographic changes, added to the stress of war and occupation, and uncertainty about who was in charge, resulted in growing tensions between the Irish policemen and black Union soldiers following the war.[2. In three days of rioting in early May 1. Memphis Riot erupted, in which white mobs made up of policemen, firemen, and other mostly ethnic Irish, attacked and killed 4. South Memphis. Much of the settlement was left in ruins. Two whites were killed in the riot.[2. Many blacks permanently fled Memphis after the riot, especially as the Freedmen's Bureau continued to have difficulty in protecting them. Their population fell to about 1. See census table in Demographics section.).
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